Breathing Has Become Harder For Many, No Thanks To Air Pollution: What Lungs Need As You Enter 2026

Air pollution in India has reached alarming levels and has started seriously affecting lung health across all ages. The growing concentration of harmful pollutants is leading to a wide range of respiratory diseases, from COPD and asthma to lung cancer and bronchitis. Among such pollutants, the most dangerous ones are those called PM 2.5, comprising extremely fine particulate matter that can go deep inside the lungs because of their very tiny size. These particles accumulate in the lower respiratory tract once inhaled and trigger inflammation there, leading to long-term damage. This may lead to reduced lung function with time and increases the susceptibility to respiratory diseases, particularly in vulnerable populations, such as children and the elderly.

India's Air Pollution Crisis - Key Sources of the Problem

There are numerous causes to India's air pollution crisis, but a few large ones stand out. To begin with, vehicle emissions-the huge amount of exhaust fumes coming from a sea of traffic-is spewing billions of cubic centimeters of toxic chemicals and particulate matter into the atmosphere.And also the crops burnings in the north, which seem to kick off pollution spikes and thick smog episodes that everyone in Delhi is dealing with. Then there's the indoor air pollution from burning biomass, wood, or firewood in kitchens and stoves all over the country - that's causes pollution. Weather factors like falling temperatures and low wind speeds can trap these close to the ground, increasing exposure to all these pollutants.

Simple Measures to Reduce Daily Exposure

The protective measures against these pollutants in the lungs are a must. Firstly, it's about the minimization of the volume of polluted air entering the organism. Thus, a well-fitting N95 mask can be quite efficient as a barrier for catching fine particulate matter. Also, it makes sense to limit outdoor activities during hours of peak pollution; for instance, one can reschedule walks or exercise sessions indoors. Thus, a high-quality air purifier installed in homes will help keep the air indoors much safer by filtering out harmful particles.

Improving Indoor Air Quality for Better Lung Health

Equally important is the reduction of indoor pollution. Avoid burning firewood, incense, or mosquito coils, because these will add to poor indoor air quality. Smoking in all its forms is to be avoided at all costs. This involves the first-hand, second-hand, and even third-hand smoke, all dangerous to lung health. Keeping up with an active lifestyle through regular indoor exercise, staying well hydrated, and consuming a nutritious diet will do much to strengthen overall respiratory health.

Vaccinations That Can Strengthen Respiratory Protection

Adults, especially those over the age of 50 years, are encouraged to get vaccinations that protect the lungs, like the annual flu shot and the pneumococcal vaccine. These would reduce the risk of serious respiratory infections that may be worsened by high levels of air pollution.

When to Seek Medical Attention

Finally, persons with chronic conditions like heart disease, asthma, or COPD should continue their medications without interruption. If symptoms worsen, such as persistent coughing or difficulty breathing, a pulmonologist should be consulted immediately.

(By Dr. Anusha C M, Consultant - Respiratory Medicine, Manipal Hospital Malleswaram, Bengaluru)

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