
Kolkata has emerged as India's most polluted city in IQAir's live global air quality ranking, occupying the third position worldwide with an Air Quality Index (AQI) of 177.
Delhi ranks fifth with an AQI of 168, while Mumbai stands seventh with a reading of 165, according to the figures provided from IQAir's World Air Quality Ranking.
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Dakar in Senegal tops the global list with an AQI of 194, followed by Lahore in Pakistan in the second position with an AQI of 184.
The ranking places three Indian major cities among the world's most polluted major urban centres.
IQAir's live ranking compares hourly AQI readings across more than 100 major cities globally, with positions and pollution levels subject to change as fresh data comes in.
Dakar, Senegal — AQI 194
Lahore, Pakistan — AQI 184
Kolkata, India — AQI 177
Singapore, Singapore — 173
Delhi, India — AQI 168
Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia — AQI 166
Mumbai, India — AQI 165
Medan, Indonesia — AQI 158
Dhaka, Bangladesh — AQI 158
Beijing, China — AQI 158
*Source: IQAir World Air Quality Ranking
With Diwali and the festive season approaching and winter around the corner, air pollution is expected to remain a concern in India. Pollution levels can worsen during the colder months, as weather conditions, including temperature inversions and low wind speeds, can trap pollutants closer to the ground.
Firecracker emissions during Diwali, along with vehicle exhaust, industrial emissions, construction dust and crop-residue burning in parts of northern India, can further contribute to deteriorating air quality.
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However, the extent of any increase in AQI will depend on local emission levels and weather conditions.
IQAir's live rankings are updated hourly, meaning city positions and readings can change throughout the day.
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Author: Aishwarya Singh ChaudharyRecent AQI data has also shown how pollution can change between night, early morning and daytime hours. In Delhi, pollution increased after sunset and in the early hours following Diwali, while levels fell later in the morning.
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The idea of lungs turning from black to pink is more of a metaphor than a medically established recovery process. The lungs have natural repair mechanisms, and some pollution-related inflammation, irritation and temporary loss of function can improve when exposure decreases.
Fine particles such as PM2.5 can enter deep into the lungs and lead to inflammation and oxidative stress in the body. Prolonged exposure may also affect the cardiovascular system and overall physical health.
A Pakistani air quality body has found no evidence linking Lahore's post-Diwali smog to fireworks in India, pointing instead to thousands of crop-residue fires in Pakistan's own Punjab.
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